![]() Wilson) but also to writing of all periods, whereas magical is often used in writing about Arthurian romances (A. Imaginative applies not only to modern literature (E. Give the author’s first name in any signal phrase or the author’s first initial in the parenthetical reference. Understanding power in the Near East requires “Western leaders who know when to intervene, and do so without illusions” (Kaplan, Eastward 330). Include a comma between author and title if you include both in the parentheses. Kaplan insists that understanding power in the Near East requires “Western leaders who know when to intervene, and do so without illusions” ( Eastward 330). Give the full title if it’s brief otherwise, give a short version. If you cite multiple works by one author, include the title of the work you are citing either in the signal phrase or in parentheses. Notice that in the example above, the parenthetical reference comes after the closing quotation marks but before the period at the end of the sentence. Whether you use a signal phrase and parentheses or parentheses only, try to put the parenthetical documentation at the end of the sentence or as close as possible to the material you’ve cited - without awkwardly interrupting the sentence. Do not use punctuation between the name and the page number(s).Īdams is said to have had “the hands of a man accustomed to pruning his own trees, cutting his own hay, and splitting his own firewood” (McCullough 18). ![]() If you do not mention the author in a signal phrase, put his or her last name in parentheses along with the page number(s). ![]() McCullough describes John Adams’s hands as those of someone used to manual labor (18). If you mention the author in a SIGNAL PHRASE, put only the page number(s) in parentheses. The examples illustrate the MLA style of using quotation marks around titles of short works and italicizing titles of long works. ![]() The first examples in this chapter show basic in-text documentation of a work by one author. As you cite each source, you will need to decide whether or not to name the author in a signal phrase - “as Toni Morrison writes” - or in parentheses - “(Morrison 24).” In your text, you have three options for citing a source: QUOTING, PARAPHRASING, and SUMMARIZING. Example in-text citation using a signal phrase: According to Wilson and Stone, "free will is an illusion" (45).Brief documentation in your text makes clear to your reader what you took from a source and where in the source you found the information.Consult the OWL link below for those details. There are different rules for sources with no author, multiple authors, multiple works by the same author, etc. You generally preface each quote or paraphrase with the author last name preceded or followed by a verb, such as stated or according to (this is called a 'signal phrase), and only include the page number in parentheses at the end of the sentence. It normally consists of the author(s) last name and a page number, if applicable, for locating the quote or paraphrase within the original source.Įvery source of information (or ideas or images, etc) you include in your academic writing, with the exception of commonly-known facts (e.g., the name of the current President of the U.S., etc.), needs to have an accompanying in-text citation. An in-text citation (sometimes called a parenthetical citation) is a brief reference within the text of your paper that directs your reader to the full entry on your Works Cited page.
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